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Nuku Hiva Campaign
The Nuku Hiva Campaign was an armed conflict between the United States and the Polynesian inhabitants of Nuku Hiva during the War of 1812. It occurred in 1813, following Captain David Porter's decision to sail his fleet to the island for repairs before continuing his raid against British shipping. Upon arrival, the Americans became involved in a tribal war and allied themselves with the Te I'i people against the Happah and Tai Pi clans.
==Background==
Operations in the Pacific began in early 1813 when Captain Porter entered the Pacific, via Cape Horn, in the thirty-two gun frigate USS ''Essex''. Originally Porter was assigned to rendezvous with two other warships but both encountered enemy resistance before their meeting and Porter went around the horn alone. The mission was to harass the British whaling industry off South America and around the Galapagos Islands. For months the Americans cruised the South Seas and they captured several enemy ships which were armed and placed under navy command. By October 1813, the ''Essex'' was in serious need of repairs so Porter decided to head for Nuku Hiva, an island in the Marquesas, fearing that a British squadron would find him if he chose to take refuge in a South American port. The American fleet that went to the Marquesas included eleven vessels. Other than the flagship USS ''Essex'', there was the twenty-two gun ''Seringapatam'', a former whaler and letter of marque, the ship ''Barclay'', a liberated American whaler, and the sloops-of-war ''Greenwich'' of ten guns, the ''Montezuma'' of 18 guns and the ''Essex Junior'', of 16 guns. There were also five other vessels which classified as gun-brigs according to the rating system, the ''Hector'' of 11 guns, the ''Charlton'' of ten guns, the ''Sir Andrew Hammond'' of 12 guns,〔Men of Marque - ''Sir Andrew Hammond''.() - accessed 5 March 2012〕 and the ''Catherine'' and ''New Zealander'', both of eight guns. In total, Captain Porter had just over 200 United States Navy officers and sailors, accompanied by a small detachment of no more than twenty marines under the command of Lieutenant John M. Gamble. Additionally, many of the prisoners from the prize enemy ships were Americans and they volunteered for service, including some of the British captives. One of the sailors was the young midshipman David Farragut, later the first United States Navy admiral. (Porter's son David Dixon Porter was the second U.S. Navy admiral.)〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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